English Part 2

 People who keep talking (nineteen to the dozen) means - talk too much 

The news was published (Passive) 

The editor published the news (active) 

Give the child a nourishing diet (active) 

The child should be given a nourishing diet (Passive) 

Help the poor (active) 

The poor should be helped (Passive) 

Mrs Sharma knows me (active) 

I am known to Mrs. Sharma (Passive)

(Direct Indirect Speech )

The Girl said,"I am very busy now "

The girl said that she was very busy then.

Must - ( replace by had to )

She said "She must leave all the bad habits."

She said that she had to leave all the bad habits. 

Ajay says ," There is going to be a snowfall ."

Ajay says that there is going to be a snowfall 

The kids had finished their homework( make it present perfect tense) 

The kids have finished(ans) 

She will be graduating which tense - Future continuous tense 

Signatories - It means people or country that have signed an agreement. 

Legible - handwriting which can clearly read 

Corrigible - Capable of being corrected /Rectified 

Negligible - Which can be ignore 

illegible - handwriting that can't be read

Furniture need to be shifted ❌

Furniture needs to be shifted ☑️

I started early(a) for the station lest (b) I should not miss the train (c) ❌

Error in (C)  part bcoz( lest) means already negative or not so no need to use again not 

Singular                     Plural 

-----------                   ----------

Index                         Indices,Indexes

Analysis                    Analyses 

Crisis                       Crises 

Criterion                 Criteria 

Ram returned from his voyage to Indonesia he -----to visit the temple in Thanjavur 

Wished (ans) 

Agree -----to  (when proposal, idea ,suggestion and view)

Agree -----with (when some person) 

I agree to his proposal and do not often agree with him 

The bacteria in the milk destroyed when it -- heated to 80 degree Celsius 

Ans - it is heated (bcoz universal truth always take present form) 

Ordered to ❌

The professor ordered to the students ❌

Indefinite article - a, an 

Definite article -The

Half an hour or ☑️ An old lady ☑️

A Unique, A Year, ---Orange, --- ewe, 

An Umbrella ,An Honest man, AnMLA,

A X-Ray, An FIR ,An Eagle,

An F.O,A Union,A One rupees note, 

A Useful, A European 

With little patience you will cross the obstacles ❌

With a little patience you will cross the obstacles ☑️

For all this 

(Neither.... Nor, Either... Or, Not only... But also, 

---Nor ---,----Or---) verb always agree to nearest subject 

Ex - Either  Ram or Shyam ----broken the glass.

Ans- Either Ram or Shyam (has)  broken the glass ☑️

Mother placed several cups ---- the kitchen table 

On the table ☑️

Beside - Closed to / Next to 

Besides - Apart form 

Ex - *Radha came and sat beside me (next to) 

*Besides being a musician he is also a painter 

(Apart form)

She can speak three languages fluently 

Modal verb 

Can - Denotes power, capacity, ability 

May - Show possibility 

Should - Suggestions /Advice

Would - Polite request 

Can - Friendly request,

Could - formal request ex - Sir, could I talk to you 

May - request / respect (May I come in ?)

Would - Would you help me (Polite request) 

The black cobra is a venomous snake. 

Ram had to look (high and low) before he could find his scooter key 

High and low - everywhere 

Serious accident 

A place where bees are kept is called - Apiary 

Aviary - pakhi sala 

Infantry - Soldiers who fight on foot

Hive - Mahuphena 

A place where money is coined - Mint 

Put up - Stay 

Put out - extinguish 

Put down -write down 

Put off - postponed 

Put aside - Ignore, hate 

Put on - Wear /Gain /Pretend 

Ex - put on your new dress 

She is putting on weight 

You can't put on a false appearance 

Correct - Argument ,Commissioner

Write in present perfect continuous tense -

(The baby slept all night )

Ans - The baby has been sleeping all night. 

• Universal Truth ( Take simple present tense) 

The sun rises in the east 

Uncountable noun always take singular verb 

Steel --- strong when nickel is added 

Becomes (ans) 

Simple present tense use in -

* universal truth 

* Regular action (I come here daily) 

* Habit (He smokes) 

*Newspaper headline 

* Commentary of sports 

When point of time given use -(Since) 

Ex -I have been studying since 9.00 AM 

When point of time not given use( for )

Ex - I have been studying for 4hours

I fall asleep --- the drama 

During (ans) 

Imperative sentence/ Order sentence -If object mention then in passive voice 

(Let + object + be + V3)

Ex (Q)  Shut the door 

Here door is object and shut is verb 

So v3 of shut is shut 

Ans - Let + the door +be + shut 

(Q) Do not leave the room 

Ans- Let the room not be left 

She resemble a popular actor ❌

She resembles a popular actor ☑️

Synonyms of resembles - Takes after 

He takes after his father ☑️

He resembles his father ☑️

Take off - (Leave) ex -The plane took off 

Take down - Write down 

Take in - (Cheat) ex-I was taken in by his kindness 

Take into account - (consider) ex - this matter was take into account 

If the sentence give feeling of recently finished action always use (Present perfect tense)

Q) They ---Just ----the hall (Recently finished action sentence) 

Ans- They have just left the hall (present perfect) 

If in a sentence past time mention then use simple past 

Ex - We have reached the moon on 22nd Oct 2008❌

We have reached the moon ☑️ bcoz no date or past time given here 

We reached the moon on 22nd Oct 2008☑️

(Direct and Indirect) 

If present continuous given ___convert to Past continuous 

If simple past ____convert to Past perfect 

They said "The girl is hiding in the place where we left her 

The girl is hiding -Present continuous 

where we left her - simple past 

So, And - They said that the girl was hiding in the place where they had left her 

In case Nothing, Nothing but, No one but, everyone but,(after this singular noun and singular verb will come) 

Nothing.... the same forever ?

Nothing remains the same forever ☑️

Whether - meaning (Yes /No) 

The teacher asked ---the class is ready for test? 

Ans - The teacher asked whether the class is ready for test ☑️

Could you please tell me the address ?☑️

Subject + Modal + V1+Object ---change to 

Object +Modal + be + V3 +by subject 

Ex - They could Identify the man 

Ans - The man could be Identified by them 

Latha and her sister resemble /Takes after ----

Ans - Each other 

janu doesn't like ----Pet animals (a/an/the)

Ans - No article use (bcoz not indicating a specific animal) ☑️

Direct ----Indirect (simple past ---Convert to past perfect) 

Q) Siva said, "I bought a truck yesterday 

Ans - Siva said that he had bought a truck the previous day 

(Active - Passive) (have - been )

You would not have insisted them 

Ans - They would not have been insisted by you 

I have never seen such a mess.

If the subject is joined by (with , Along with , Together with , As well as, like, unlike, but 

then the verb is agree with 1st subject )

Q) (A) The director with(B) all his employees were (c) fired 

Error in B part were ❌verb come according to 1st subject so 

Ans is was ☑️

Ram as well as his parents (is /are )coming 

Ram as well as his parents is coming ☑️

We went for a walk ---the beach? 

Ans - We went for a walk along the beach ☑️

He walk along the road (giving the sense of side) 

There is a bridge (across /along) the river 

Bridge across the river ☑️

If a sentence given since/for try to use present continuous form 

Q) He --hard to complete the assignment since January 2000

Ans - He has been working hard ☑️

Q) Uday ---here until July 25 last year 

Ans - Uday worked here ☑️ simple past bcoz (past date given /time mentioned/ given yesterday, ago, last year, last week, Last month) 

Q) While I was watching TV, I ---a call 

Ans - I got a call 

Short term /  Long term 

(simple           Was/Were + V1ing 

   Past)  

Q) I was watching TV, When my father( came/had came) 

Ans - My father came (bcoz for short period) so simple past 

(Direct - Indirect) 

Rajan remarked,"What a wonderful day ".

Ans - Rajan exclaimed that it was a wonderful day 

Rajan remarked - Rajan exclaimed 

Rajan Alas -Rajan exclaimed 

Rajan wow! -Rajan exclaimed 

Rajan Bravo - Rajan Applawed 

(Active - Passive) 

She had just closed the data file 

Ans - The data file had just been closed by her 

(Active - Passive) 

The course will have been completed by them 

next year(Passive)

Ans-  (active) They will have completed the course next year 

(Active -Passive )

Q) They will have released the movie next year 

Ans - The movie will have been released by them next year 

Q) The deserts have been prepared by her (passive) 

Ans - She has prepared the deserts 

Short term - simple past 

Long term - Was /Were + V1+ing

Q) I --to an audio book ,when you came home 

Ans - I was listening to an audio book 

India achieved independence in ---1947

Ans - No article needed 

Everyone should wear uniform ☑️

Definite pronoun - Everyone

Indefinite pronoun - Somebody, anyone, anybody 

I'm going to see ---statue of liberty 

Ans - I'm going to see the statue of liberty ☑️

My brother wouldn't ---anything like that 

(Modal take V1 verb) 

Ans - My brother wouldn't do anything like that 

Q) The sun --- in the east 

Ans - The sun sets in the east 

Q) He ---for Indian cricket team last year 

Last year, last week, last month - simple past 

Ans - He played 

Q) All the people are ready to watch--- cricket  match between India and Australia 

Ans -the cricket match between India and Australia 

Note -- 

No article (before place /person) but there is exception (where the will use before person and place) the will be use are -

The Ucraine, The Netherland, The Hague , The Great Britain 

No article (before mountain /Peak) 

The Aravali ❌ (single mountain )

But article (The )Will apply on mountain ranges 

The Himalayas☑️ (many mountains )

No article before disease (illness) but there is exception (where the will use before some disease) 

The milimila / Measles ,The Rickets, The plaque, The Mops, The flu 

The use before river 

The Ganga,☑️ The Yamuna ☑️ 

Article use before Newspaper 

The Hindu newspaper☑️The Times of India ☑️

(The) use before planet

The mars ☑️ The Earth ☑️ 

If information given and again tried to say something on that (The) will use 

ex - India and Australia match 

Definite - The 

One must finish his duty ❌

One must finish one's duty ☑️

Possessive adjective 

One - One's    She - 

It -                   They -

He - His 

Mona said, "I am very busy now 

ans - Mona said that he was very busy then ☑️

My sister lives --- the building at the end of the river view road 

Ans - My sister lives in the building at the end of the river view road 

She asked for another topic to write a poem 

The course will have been completed by them

next year (Passive Voice) 

They will have completed the course next year (Active)  

His uncle doesn't understand the impact 

In order to prove them wrong,She works hard 

Modal verb like - can, could, may, might, should, would take V1 verb 1st form after them 

My brother wouldn't --- anything like that 

My brother wouldn't do anything like that (ans) 

Q) She was waiting for ---cab 

Ans - She was waiting for a cab 

Few, a few, The few use to be plural countable noun 

I read few books 

I read a few books 

I read the few books 

Q) Sharp equipments ----be kept away from kids 

Ans - Must be 

If (Along with, with, together with, but, and not, In addition to )present between 2subject verb will apply according to 1st subject 

Prema along with her parents are coming ❌

And - Prema along with her parents is coming ☑️

If reported speech is in simple present while doing passive (Simple present change to simple past) 

If reported speech in simple past while doing passive (simple past change to Past perfect)

Q) He said to the girl , "where did you learn western dance ".

Ans - He asked the girl where she had learnt western dance 

Q) Crows are chasing away cuckoos(active)

Ans - Cuckoos are being chased away by crows (passive) 

Q) The tables were lined up ----the wall 

Ans - The tables were lined up along the wall 

Q) I have been studying for the past 2 hours. I ---rest 

Ans - I have been studying for the past 2 hours. I need rest.

Modal + V1form

Q) If she was there, You would --- the better 

results.

Ans - If she was there, You would see better results. 

(Conditional sentence )

Q) If I had seen you ,I would have stop my car ❌ (bcoz after If had + V3 take would +have +V3)

Ans - If I had seen you ,I would have stopped my car☑️

Q) If I saw you, I would stopped my car ❌

Ans - If I saw you, I would stop my car ☑️bcoz( If + Sub + V2 ,S+ would + V1)

(Active - Passive) 

This ring will be treasured as a keepsake by her (passive) 

Ans - She will treasure this ring as a keepsake (Active) 

After to V1 form come 

Q) The chief decided ----meet all the officials.

Ans - The chief decided to meet all the officials. 

Water boils at 100 degree celsius ( it is universal truth so simple present )

Since -point of time 

For - Period of time 

I have been studying in delhi since/for 2023

Ans - I have been studying in Delhi since 2023 (bcz indicating point of time) 

I have been studying in delhi since/for 10 year

Ans -I have been studying in delhi for 10 years bcoz Period of time given not the point of time given 

Since use in (morning, afternoon, evening, 

15 August, 1996 etc

For use in (Second, Minute, Hours, days, week, year,) 

Q) Each of the students ---a notebook 

Ans - Each of the has a notebook 

If sentence start (each,every,everyone, someone,nobody, none,any , many a, more than one ) verb is always singular 

If sentence start (either..... Or, not only.... But also, neither....... nor) verb agree to nearest subject 

Q)  Either of the teachers or the students ----to blame 

Ans - are 

If sentence start (The Number of then verb will be singular) 

Q) The number of people attending the concert is surprising.

If sentence start (A Number of then verb will be plural) 

Q) A number of people attending the concert are surprising.

Mathematics is my favorite subject 

Physics is my favorite subject 

Statistics are calculative area 

Everyone is excited about the trip 

The committee has made a decision 

The jury are divided in their opinion 

Correct spelling - Restaurant,Psychiatry,Accommodate

(Pair) 

No sooner ....than 

Not only..... But also 

Neither..... Nor 

Either.... Or

Barely..... When

Hardly..... When

Scarly...... When 

Q) No sooner had I reached the station than the train left 

The children have finished their homework 

Synonyms of 

Vindicate - Justify 

To burn the midnight oil - To study /work late 

Relative Pronoun - Who, Where, that, when 

Sub ---relative pronoun take verb according to the subject 

Ex- players Who ---Verb come according to players Verb = Are (plural sense) 

Q) He is one of those players who ----always hungry for success. 

Ans - He is one of those players who are always hungry for success 

(Direct - Indirect) 

Q)  She said, " why did you come late " ?Direct 

Ans -She asked why I had come late (Indirect)

A person who pretends to be what he is not -Hypocrite

Cynic - Ninda 

Stoic - Dukha /sukha re farak na padiba 

Pragmatist - Practical person 

Fixed preposition - Junior to, Senior to, Interior to, Exterior to, Prefer to 

A government by the wealthy - Plutocracy

The train was delayed due to the heavy rain 

By the time we arrived ,the movie had started 

Looking forward to meet ❌

Looking forward to meeting ☑️

You should obey your elders 

The man who helped me was very kind 

Synonyms of Prudent (chatura) 

Wise, Sensible, Nimble 

Antonym of prudent - Reckless

Neither of the boys has done his homework ☑️

(Indirect - Direct) 

Shall /will (Indirect) Should /Would (Direct) 

Tomorrow (Indirect) The next day (Direct) 

He said, "I will help you tomorrow (Indirect) 

He said that he would help me the next day (Direct) 

Beat around the bush - To avoid the main topic 

Scarcely had he entered the room when the light went out 

Meaning of Ephemeral - 

He is one of the writer ❌

He is one of the writers ☑️

Take a hike meaning - Leave 

A person who writes with both hands - Ambidextrous

Synonyms of Obsolete - Old fashioned 

By this time next year, She will have completed her degree 

He was accused of theft 

He explained the problem to me 

Part of speech of Alas! 

Ans - Interjection

An eye wash (meaning) - A pretence 

A tight corner (meaning) - A Difficult Situation 

A long shot (Meaning) - Little chance of success 

A hair in the butter (Meaning) -A challenging Situation